{"id":182,"date":"2018-06-18T13:44:45","date_gmt":"2018-06-18T17:44:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/oserchanger.com\/blogue_2\/?p=182"},"modified":"2019-10-24T19:04:40","modified_gmt":"2019-10-24T23:04:40","slug":"maitrise-de-soi-et-attention","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/oserchanger.com\/blogue_2\/2018\/06\/18\/maitrise-de-soi-et-attention\/","title":{"rendered":"Ma\u00eetrise de soi, attention et r\u00e9ussite: des facteurs intimement li\u00e9s"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ma\u00eetrise de soi et attention: voil\u00e0 deux facteurs qui semblent bien li\u00e9s. Voyons comment.<\/p>\n

Nous avons parl\u00e9, dans un autre article – Ma\u00eetrise de soi et r\u00e9ussite (1): le test de la guimauve<\/a> –<\/strong> du lien entre la ma\u00eetrise de soi et la r\u00e9ussite. \u00c0 ce sujet, nous avons rapport\u00e9 les recherches de Walter Mischel avec des enfants de 4 ans qui indiquent que ceux qui sont capables de retarder le moment de consommer une friandise ont plus de chances de devenir des adolescents avec de meilleurs r\u00e9sultats scolaires, davantage capables de faire face \u00e0 la frustration et au stress et ayant de plus grandes comp\u00e9tences sociales et cognitives. En r\u00e9sum\u00e9, retarder la satisfaction imm\u00e9diate d\u2019un besoin permet d\u2019atteindre un objectif qui apporte de plus grandes gratifications.<\/em><\/p>\n

Si, au d\u00e9part, on a pu croire que la capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 attendre des enfants d\u00e9pendait de la force de leur d\u00e9sir pour une friandise, on s\u2019est vite aper\u00e7u que d\u2019autres facteurs d\u00e9terminaient la ma\u00eetrise de soi. Et c\u2019est l\u00e0, \u00e0 mon avis, que cette recherche devient int\u00e9ressante, en ce qu\u2019elle nous fournit des \u00e9l\u00e9ments, non seulement pour comprendre, mais pour appliquer dans l’\u00e9ducation de ses enfants ou dans sa propre vie.<\/p>\n

Ma\u00eetrise de soi et orientation de l’attention<\/h2>\n

Apr\u00e8s des heures d\u2019observation, Walter Mischel en est arriv\u00e9 \u00e0 la conclusion que les enfants capables de retarder leur gratification \u00e9taient capables de diriger leur attention ailleurs<\/em><\/strong> que sur la friandise. Plut\u00f4t que d\u2019\u00eatre obs\u00e9d\u00e9s par la guimauve ou le bonbon qu\u2019ils avaient choisi, les enfants plus patients s \u00bborganisaient pour distraire leur attention. Ou bien ils se couvraient les yeux, ou ils faisaient semblant de jouer \u00e0 la cachette sous la table ou ils chantaient des airs de Sesame Street. De cette fa\u00e7on, ils finissaient par oublier leur d\u00e9sir. Comme le rapporte le chercheur, \u00ab Si l\u2019enfant pense continuellement \u00e0 la guimauve et au fait qu \u2018elle est d\u00e9licieuse, alors il finit par la manger. La cl\u00e9, c\u2019est d\u2019\u00e9viter d\u2019y penser <\/em>\u00bb. Les enfants qui ne parvenaient pas \u00e0 attendre, de leur c\u00f4t\u00e9, semblaient penser que la meilleure fa\u00e7on de r\u00e9sister \u00e0 la friandise consistait \u00e0 la regarder fixement et \u00e0 garder l\u2019\u0153il sur leur but. Mauvaise strat\u00e9gie.<\/p>\n

Mischel et ses coll\u00e8gues ont m\u00eame observ\u00e9 de telles diff\u00e9rences chez des b\u00e9b\u00e9s \u00e0 peine \u00e2g\u00e9s de 19 mois. En voulant \u00e9tudier comment des b\u00e9b\u00e9s r\u00e9agissent quand ils sont s\u00e9par\u00e9s bri\u00e8vement de leur m\u00e8re, ils se sont aper\u00e7us que certains se mettent tout de suite \u00e0 pleurer en fixant la porte, alors que d\u2019autres surmontaient leur anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 en se distrayant eux-m\u00eames, en jouant par exemple avec des jouets.<\/p>\n

La bonne nouvelle, c\u2019est cette strat\u00e9gie s\u2019apprend et peut devenir chez plusieurs une seconde nature. Ainsi, quand les chercheurs prenaient un enfant qui n\u2019\u00e9tait pas capable d\u2019attendre m\u00eame une toute petite minute, et qu\u2019ils lui enseignaient quelques trucs, comme d\u2019imaginer que la friandise n\u2019\u00e9tait qu\u2019une image ou un nuage, celui-ci am\u00e9liorait significativement son contr\u00f4le de lui-m\u00eame et pouvait attendre 15 minutes.<\/p>\n

[su_row]<\/p>\n

LIRE AUSSI<\/strong><\/p>\n

Attention (focus) et bien-\u00eatre<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

[\/su_row]<\/p>\n

Volont\u00e9, ma\u00eetrise de soi et attention<\/h2>\n

D\u2019apr\u00e8s ces chercheurs, ce qu\u2019on appelle volont\u00e9 pourrait bien n\u2019\u00eatre que la capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 diriger son attention<\/em>. Si ces habilet\u00e9s s\u2019enseignent et s\u2019apprennent, pour qu\u2019elles s\u2019installent et deviennent des habitudes, il faut qu\u2019elles soient pratiqu\u00e9es encore et encore. Si l\u2019enfant apprend ces strat\u00e9gies \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole, il faut qu\u2019\u00e0 la maison les parents appuient la d\u00e9marche. Si l\u2019enfant peut avoir tout ce qu\u2019il veut, quand il le veut, comme c\u2019est le cas bien souvent aujourd\u2019hui, cette habilet\u00e9 \u00e0 retarder la gratification ne s\u2019installera pas. Les parents doivent encourager l\u2019enfant \u00e0 attendre, \u00e9tablir des rituels qui l\u2019obligent r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement \u00e0 retarder sa gratification et il faut que le jeu en vaille la chandelle pour lui. Par exemple, ne pas luncher avant le repas, \u00e9conomiser son allocation ou attendre \u00e0 No\u00ebl avant de d\u00e9baller ses cadeaux sont de bonnes strat\u00e9gies d\u2019apprentissage.<\/p>\n

En terminant, retenons que cette strat\u00e9gie d\u2019orientation de l\u2019attention a son int\u00e9r\u00eat m\u00eame chez des adultes.<\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

D’autres facteurs qui d\u00e9terminent la ma\u00eetrise de soi applicables dans l’\u00e9ducation de ses enfants ou dans sa propre vie.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":185,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"tve_updated_post":"","tve_custom_css":"","tve_user_custom_css":"","tve_globals":{},"tcb2_ready":1,"tcb_editor_enabled":0,"tve_landing_page":"","_tve_header":"","_tve_footer":""},"categories":[510,43],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-182","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lattention","category-reussir","post-wrapper","thrv_wrapper"],"yoast_head":"\nMa\u00eetrise de soi et attention: 2 facteurs intimement li\u00e9s<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ce qu\u2019on appelle volont\u00e9 est intimement li\u00e9 \u00e0 la capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 diriger son attention. 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